Water quality analysis is also called water chemical analysis. During the process, the chemical and physical methods are used to determine the content of various chemical components in water. Water quality analysis is divided into three types: simple analysis, full analysis and special analysis. Simple analysis is carried out in the field, with few analytical projects, but the requirements are fast and timely. It is suitable for preliminary understanding of the main chemical components of groundwater in aquifers over a large area; the projects for special analysis are determined according to the needs of specific tasks, such as finding ore through water chemistry. In the prospecting, high-precision spectrometers are used to analyze some of the metal ions sought, and when radioactivity is measured, some radioactive elements are analyzed.
The range of detection items
1. Chroma
Most people can detect the color of drinking water if it is greater than 15 degrees, and people are disgusted when it is greater than 30 degrees. The standard specifies that the color of drinking water should not exceed 15 degrees.
2. Turbidity
It is an expression of the optical properties of water samples, which is used to indicate the degree of clarity and turbidity of water. It is one of the most important indicators for measuring the goodness of water quality. It is also an important basis for assessing the purification efficiency of water treatment equipment and evaluating the state of water treatment technology. The decrease of turbidity means that the content of microorganisms such as organic matter, bacteria and viruses in the water is reduced, which not only improves the disinfection and sterilization effect, but also reduces the amount of halogenated organic matter.
3. Stinky
The water odor is mainly the presence of organic matter, which may be caused by an increase in biological activity or industrial pollution. The change in the normal odor of public water supply may be a sign of a change in raw water quality or inadequate water treatment.
4. Residual chlorine
Residual chlorine refers to the amount of chlorine remaining in the water after being chlorinated and chlorinated for a certain period of time. The continuous bactericidal ability in the water can prevent the self-contamination of the water supply pipeline and ensure the water quality of the water supply.
5. Chemical Oxygen Demand (Cod)
It refers to the amount of oxygen required by a chemical oxidant to oxidize organic contaminants in water. The higher the chemical oxygen demand, the more organic pollutants in the water. Organic pollutants in water are mainly derived from the discharge of domestic sewage or industrial wastewater, and the inflow of water after decomposition of animals and plants.
6. Total number of bacteria
The bacteria contained in the water are derived from air, soil, sewage, garbage, and bodies of animals and plants. The types of bacteria in the water are various, including pathogenic bacteria. Usually, the standard for drinking water is that the total number of bacteria in 1 ml of water does not exceed 100.
7. Total coliform
It is an indicator of fecal contamination. The condition detected from it can indicate whether there is any fecal pollution and its pollution level in the water. In the purification process of water, after the disinfection treatment, the total coliform index can meet the requirements of drinking water standards, indicating that other pathogens are basically killed.
8. Heat-resistant coliform
It is more responsive to coliform bacteria than to the extent to which food is contaminated by human and animal waste. It is also an indicator of water faecal contamination.
9. Escherichia coli bacteria (E. coli)
It is a representative strain of the genus Escherichia. Generally, it does not cause disease. It is a resident bacterium in the intestines of humans and animals. Under certain conditions, it can cause intestinal infection. Some serotype strains are highly pathogenic and cause diarrhea, collectively referred to as pathogenic E. coli. Enterobacter is a group of G-bacilli with similar biological traits, which are mostly found in the intestines of humans and animals. Escherichia is one of a variety of bacteria, and Escherichia coli is the most common clinically. E. coli, commonly known as Escherichia coli, is a normal parasite in the large intestine of all mammals. On the one hand, it can synthesize vitamin B and K for absorption and utilization by the body. On the other hand, it can inhibit excessive proliferation of spoilage bacteria and pathogenic bacteria and fungi. However, when they leave the parasite of the intestine and enter other parts of the body, they can cause infection. Some bacterial types are pathogenic and cause intestinal or urinary tract infections.
The significance of water quality analysis
Water resources are one of the most important resources that are indispensable and irreplaceable for the development of human society. They play a role in safeguarding social and economic development as well as people’s daily life and production. The current water crisis in human society has directly restricted the development of the economy and affected the normal life of human beings. Therefore, it is urgent and necessary to face the water crisis and pay attention to water resources.
Water quality analysis plays an important role in the investigation and control of water quality. Drinking water mainly considers the impact on human health. In addition to physical and chemical indicators, water quality standards also include microbiological indicators.
For industrial water, it is considered whether it affects product quality or is prone to damage to containers and pipelines.