Guide for antibody selection and antibody application in cancers (part four)

An overview of several commonly used muscle tissue and tumor markers

1. Desmin (DM)

In the fine structure of the striated muscle, there is a distinction between light and dark bands, and a film in the center of the light and dark band is called a film. In the myocardial fiber structure, there is also a similar film. The main component of these structures is desmin. In addition, the myocardium of the myocardium, smooth muscle also contains intermuscular protein.

Desmin is an intermediate filament protein that is normally distributed in smooth muscle cells, cardiomyocyte bone cells and myoepithelial cells. It is commonly used in clinical applications to detect such cell-derived tumors, such as uterine fibroids and sarcomas, stomach, intestinal muscle-derived tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma and myoepithelial tumors.

The antibody is adapted to various tissue sections and results are better after antigen retrieval.

2. Myosin

The microscopic structure of myeloid muscle can be seen under electron microscope. Myofibril is composed of 1–2 thousand parallel muscle filaments. The myofilament is divided into two types: thick muscle and thin muscle. The thick filaments are composed of many bean sprouts of myosin. In the middle stage of myocardial and smooth muscle development and differentiation, myosin is also seen.

Currently, there are two antibodies of myosin for clinical use.

(1). Myosin (skeletal)

This antibody is used to detect myeloid muscle and its derived tumors. It is suitable for various sections and has better results after antigen retrieval.

(2). Myosin (smooth muscle)

This antibody is used to detect myoepithelial and smooth muscle cells, as well as tumors derived from this. It is suitable for various tissue sections and better results can be obtained after antigen retrieval.

3. Actin

Myofibril consists of two components, thin filaments and thick filaments. The thin filaments are composed of actin, tropomyosin and myogenic protein. The actin, its molecules are spherical, they are connected to each other to form long chains, and each thin filament is made up of two actin molecules.

The antibodies currently used to detect actin are as follows:

(1). Monoclonal mouse anti-human actin, clone HHF35. It is a broad-spectrum labeled antibody that can be used to detect tumors derived from myeloid and myeloid muscles. It can also be used to detect smooth muscle, vascular smooth muscle, myocardium, myoepithelial cells and tumors derived from it. It is suitable for various tissue sections. Good results can be obtained without microwave antigen retrieval. The dilution is 1:100.

(2). Monoclonal mouse anti-human actin (smooth muscle), clone 1A4. The antibody is mainly used for detecting smooth muscle, myocardium, vascular smooth muscle, myoepithelial cells and various tumors derived therefrom, and experiments have shown that capillaries can also be clearly displayed. It is suitable for a variety of sections with a dilution of 1:100.